Shibori

Shibori (絞り染め Shiborizome^?) is a Japanese term for several methods of dyeing cloth with a pattern by binding, stitching, folding, twisting, compressing it, or capping. (wikipedia)

Otherwise known as an elaborate, gorgeous form of tie-dye, Shibori has been made in Japan since the 8th century. There are various methods that can be used: Arashi (pole wrapping), Kumo (pleating), Itajime (a pleat/clamping method), Nui (which gathers the fabric with stitches), Miura (where you bind loops into the cloth), and Kanoko (the more widely known form of tie-dye). At the bottom is a site that demonstrates techniques.

A wonderful do-it-yourself video:

http://honestlywtf.com/diy/shibori-diy/